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A randomized vagus nerve stimulation study demonstrates that serum aldosterone levels decrease with age in women, but

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Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) did not significantly reduce serum aldosterone levels compared to sham stimulation in healthy adults. Aldosterone levels varied significantly by age and sex, irrespective of tVNS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The vagus nerve plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including hormone secretion.
  • Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a non-invasive method to modulate vagal activity.
  • Aldosterone is a key mineralocorticoid hormone involved in blood pressure regulation and electrolyte balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) on serum aldosterone levels in healthy young and older adults.
  • To compare the efficacy of active tVNS versus sham stimulation in altering aldosterone concentrations.
  • To explore potential interactions between tVNS, age, and sex on aldosterone levels.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, sham-controlled study involving 20 younger (21-26 years) and 19 older (40-70 years) healthy participants.
  • Administration of 20-minute active tVNS to the inner tragus or sham stimulation to the earlobe on separate days.
  • Blood samples collected pre- and post-stimulation to measure serum aldosterone levels.

Main Results:

  • Serum aldosterone levels decreased from pre- to post-stimulation in both young and older cohorts, regardless of stimulation type (active or sham).
  • The decline in aldosterone during active tVNS was statistically significant, but the difference between active and sham stimulation was not significant in either age group.
  • A significant interaction effect between sex and age was observed, with younger women exhibiting higher baseline aldosterone levels than older women.

Conclusions:

  • Acute auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) did not demonstrate a significant reduction in serum aldosterone levels compared to sham stimulation in healthy individuals.
  • Serum aldosterone concentrations are influenced by age and sex, independent of tVNS.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between the vagus nerve, aldosterone regulation, and demographic factors.