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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

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Published on: February 27, 2017

Stabilizing Precursor Solution and Controlling Crystallization Kinetics Simultaneously for High-Performance

Nan Wu¹, Tinghuan Yang¹, Zhichao Wang¹

¹Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|September 5, 2023

Summary

A new additive, fluoro-N,N,N″,N″-tetramethylformamidinium hexafluorophosphate (TFFH), stabilizes perovskite precursor solutions and improves crystallization. This leads to highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells for indoor applications.

Keywords:

controlling crystallization indoor photovoltaics perovskite solar cells stabilizing solution

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Photovoltaics

Background:

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show high efficiency but suffer from defects.
Defects arise from aging precursor solutions and during crystallization, hindering reproducibility and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce fluoro-N,N,N″,N″-tetramethylformamidinium hexafluorophosphate (TFFH) as a dual-action additive.
To stabilize precursor solutions and enhance crystallization dynamics for formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3)-based perovskite indoor photovoltaics.

Main Methods:

Investigated TFFH's role in stabilizing precursor solutions by preventing iodide oxidation.
Utilized time-resolved optical diagnostics to study perovskite crystallization dynamics.
Analyzed TFFH's interaction with the perovskite framework for defect passivation.

Main Results:

TFFH inhibits precursor solution oxidation and passivates undercoordinated Pb2+.
Strong FA+···TFFH···Pb─I interactions prolong crystallization and passivate defects in situ.
Optimized PSCs exhibit larger grain sizes, improved crystal orientation, reduced defects, and enhanced charge extraction.

Conclusions:

TFFH enables simultaneous stabilization of precursor solutions and regulation of crystallization dynamics.
Achieved a record 42.43% efficiency for perovskite indoor photovoltaics under 1002 lux illumination.
This dual approach is a promising strategy for improving perovskite solar cell reproducibility and efficiency.