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Related Concept Videos

Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
Brain Waves01:23

Brain Waves

Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:

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Related Experiment Video

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A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
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A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion

Published on: September 25, 2014

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Concussion: Beyond the Cascade.

Kiel D Neumann1, Donna K Broshek2, Benjamin T Newman3

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.

Cells
|September 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sport concussion recovery shows a disconnect between symptoms and brain inflammation. This review explores neuroinflammation in athletes, aiming to align clinical and physiological healing for better outcomes.

Keywords:
PETTSPOconcussionmicroglial activationneuroinflammationpositron emission tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sports Medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Sport concussion impacts millions globally, affecting athletes across all levels.
  • Clinical recovery definitions increasingly diverge from physiological recovery metrics.
  • Emerging evidence points to neuroinflammation as a key factor in concussion recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the inflammatory response to sport concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
  • To highlight the discordance between clinical symptom resolution and central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory responses.
  • To outline future research directions for aligning clinical and physiological recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on blood-based biomarkers of inflammation.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging studies investigating the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Examination of research on microglial activation in athletes post-concussion.

Main Results:

  • Elevated microglial activation observed in the CNS of American football players (active and retired).
  • Increased microglial activation noted in collegiate athletes diagnosed with concussion who returned to sport.
  • Data suggest a disconnect between resolved clinical symptoms and persistent CNS inflammatory responses.

Conclusions:

  • Sport concussion recovery is complex, with potential for lingering neuroinflammation despite symptom resolution.
  • Understanding neuroinflammation is crucial for developing more accurate recovery assessments.
  • Future research should focus on bridging the gap between clinical and physiological recovery markers.