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Evaluating AI-powered text-to-image generators for anatomical illustration: A comparative study.

Geoffroy P J C Noel^1,2,3

¹Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Anatomical Sciences Education

|September 11, 2023

Summary

AI image generators show speed and cost benefits for anatomical illustration but lack accuracy. Further development with correct anatomical data is needed to improve their utility in medical education.

Keywords:

anatomical illustration anatomical sciences/medical education computer‐aided instruction

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Area of Science:

Anatomical visualization
Medical illustration
Artificial intelligence in education

Background:

Medical illustration is crucial for anatomy education.
AI offers potential for customizable and accurate anatomical images.
Evaluating AI's current capabilities in anatomical illustration is necessary.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the accuracy of AI text-to-image generators in creating anatomical illustrations.
To compare AI-generated images of human skulls, hearts, and brains against anatomical standards.
To identify the strengths and weaknesses of AI in medical illustration.

Main Methods:

Three AI text-to-image generators were utilized.
AI models were prompted to create illustrations of human skulls, hearts, and brains.
Generated images were evaluated for anatomical accuracy, focusing on specific structures and relationships.

Main Results:

None of the AI generators produced fully accurate anatomical illustrations.
Omissions and inaccuracies were noted in depictions of foramina, suture lines, coronary arteries, major vessel branching, and brain structures.
AI generators demonstrated speed and cost advantages but often produced esoteric imagery.

Conclusions:

Current AI generators are not yet sufficient for comprehensive, accurate anatomical illustration.
Enhancing AI training datasets with anatomically correct images is essential for improvement.
Human medical illustrators remain vital for ensuring accuracy and accessibility in anatomical education.