Unraveling Intravascular Lobular Capillary Hemangioma: A Comprehensive Scoping Review

Area of Science:

• Vascular Biology and Pathology
• Dermatopathology
• Surgical Oncology

Background:

• Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) encompasses a spectrum of vascular lesions.
• Intravascular lobular capillary hemangioma (ILCH) is a rare, distinct subset of LCH.
• ILCH presents unique diagnostic and management challenges due to its intravascular origin.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of intravascular lobular capillary hemangioma (ILCH).
• To explore ILCH's clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.
• To highlight diagnostic and management challenges associated with ILCH.

Main Methods:

• Scoping review of the reported literature on intravascular lobular capillary hemangioma (ILCH).
• Analysis of clinical presentations, histopathological features, and diagnostic modalities.
• Review of current treatment strategies and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

• ILCH requires differentiation from other vascular lesions, necessitating histopathological confirmation.
• Pathogenesis is uncertain, with potential contributions from trauma, inflammation, hormones, and medications.
• Surgical excision is the primary treatment due to risks like SVC occlusion and thrombosis.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis of ILCH relies on characteristic histopathology and immunohistochemistry.
• Management of ILCH requires careful consideration of potential complications.
• Future research should focus on genetic mechanisms, targeted therapies, registries, and minimally invasive techniques.