A Systematic Review of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Consumption and Cognitive Outcomes in Neurodevelopment

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Nutritional Science
• Developmental Biology

Background:

• Investigates the impact of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) on human neurodevelopment.
• Covers research from 2000-2022, focusing on cognitive outcomes from fetal development through adolescence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the effects of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on neurodevelopment.
• To evaluate cognitive outcomes across different developmental phases.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.
• Data sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest Central.
• Analysis included study type, PUFA dosage, participant age, and cognitive outcomes.

Main Results:

• 88 studies (69 RCTs, 19 observational) were included.
• Equivocal overall effects, with some short-term benefits in visual attention, working memory, executive function, and communication.
• Omega-3 supplementation may offer short-term positive impacts during fetal development, infancy, childhood, and adolescence.

Conclusions:

• Omega-3 supplementation may provide transient neurodevelopmental benefits.
• Continuous supplementation throughout life is potentially more beneficial than focusing solely on early development.