Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 16, 2025
10:29
A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Published on: March 24, 2017
7.9K
The Impact of Preventive Treatment for Multidrug- and Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis Exceeds Trial-Based Estimates
Parastu Kasaie1, Jeff Pennington1, Amita Gupta2
1Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Summary
Preventing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in households is possible with MDR-TB preventive treatment (TPT). Long-term benefits, including reduced transmission and active case finding, significantly exceed trial results.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Mathematical Modeling
- Public Health
Background:
- Clinical trials for tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) in contacts of multidrug- or rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) patients are concluding.
- The full public health impact of TPT for MDR/RR-TB contacts may surpass trial-measured outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To model the long-term impact of TPT for MDR/RR-TB contacts.
- To compare TPT strategies against no intervention or contact investigation alone.
Main Methods:
- An agent-based, household-structured TB and MDR/RR-TB transmission model was developed and calibrated to an Indian setting.
- Simulations compared a 6-month MDR/RR-TPT regimen (70% efficacy) with active case finding against alternatives.
Main Results:
- Within 2 years, MDR/RR-TPT prevented 72% of incident MDR/RR-TB cases among recipients (NNT=73).
- Long-term observation (13-18 years) reduced NNT to 54; including downstream transmission effects lowered it to 27.
- Including active TB screening effects reduced NNT to 12 compared to no household intervention.
Conclusions:
- The long-term population impact of TPT for MDR/RR-TB contacts, especially with active TB detection, could be substantially greater than trial results indicate.
- Effective TPT strategies can significantly reduce MDR/RR-TB burden beyond immediate treatment effects.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
200
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
200
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
262
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
262
01:26Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
161
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
161
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
261
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
261
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
1.3K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.3K
01:31Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
361
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
361