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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
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Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

10.6K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
10.6K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.1K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Engineering Molecular Heterostructured Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Chang Chen1,2, Yifan Li2,3, Aijian Huang1,4

  • 1Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel pyrolysis-free method to create diatomic sites (DASs) in metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts, specifically FeCo molecular heterostructures (FeCo-MHs). These FeCo-MHs demonstrate exceptional oxygen reduction reaction activity for fuel cells and batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts with diatomic sites (DASs) enhance activity and stability.
  • Conventional pyrolysis methods for DAS synthesis lack control and precise identification.
  • Challenges exist in distinguishing true DASs from false configurations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a reliable, pyrolysis-free strategy for constructing diatomic sites (DASs).
  • To synthesize and characterize FeCo "molecular heterostructures" (FeCo-MHs) as a novel DAS catalyst.
  • To elucidate the structure-activity relationship of the FeCo-MHs for oxygen reduction reactions.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step specific-adsorption strategy was employed, avoiding high-temperature pyrolysis.
  • In situ rotation transmission electron microscopy was used for precise identification of individual FeCo-MHs.
  • Electrochemical performance was evaluated for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR).

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized FeCo-MHs with controlled diatomic sites.
  • Confirmed the structure of FeCo-MHs using in situ rotation TEM, ruling out false positives.
  • FeCo-MHs exhibited modulated magnetic moments and an increased ratio of low-spin Fe(II)-N4 moieties.
  • Achieved exceptional ORR activity with an half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.95 V.

Conclusions:

  • The pyrolysis-free, specific-adsorption strategy is effective for creating well-defined DAS catalysts.
  • FeCo-MHs represent a promising class of catalysts for efficient oxygen reduction reactions.
  • The developed catalyst shows potential for high-performance cathodes in fuel cells and zinc-air batteries.