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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Quantum Logic Enhanced Sensing in Solid-State Spin Ensembles.

Nithya Arunkumar1,2,3, Kevin S Olsson3,4,5, Jner Tzern Oon3,6

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 22, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum logic significantly enhances the sensitivity of solid-state sensors. This research achieves over 30x improved signal-to-noise ratio for nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, boosting magnetic field sensitivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Sensing
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising solid-state quantum sensors.
  • Macroscopic ensembles of NV centers offer potential for enhanced measurement sensitivity.
  • Quantum logic and error correction principles can improve sensor performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate quantum logic enhanced sensitivity in a macroscopic ensemble of solid-state, hybrid two-qubit sensors.
  • To quantify the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio and magnetic field sensitivity.
  • To establish a benchmark for quantum sensors utilizing quantum logic or error correction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electronic spins of NV centers in diamond as sensors and nitrogen nuclear spins as memory qubits.
  • Employed global control of ∼10^9 NV ensemble spin states enabled by identical sensor properties.
  • Applied various quantum measurement protocols including XY8 and DROID-60 dynamical decoupling, and correlation spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Achieved over a factor of 30 improvement in single-shot signal-to-noise ratio.
  • Demonstrated magnetic field sensitivity enhancement exceeding an order of magnitude for time-averaged measurements.
  • Observed quantum logic sensitivity enhancement across multiple measurement protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum logic provides a powerful approach for enhancing the sensitivity of macroscopic solid-state quantum sensors.
  • The demonstrated techniques are broadly applicable to NV centers and other solid-state spin ensembles.
  • This work sets a new benchmark for quantum sensor ensembles leveraging quantum logic for improved performance.