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On the evolution of epigenetics via exaptation: A developmental systems perspective
1Psychology Field Group, Pitzer College, Claremont, California, USA.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|September 26, 2023
Summary
Epigenetic processes, which link genes to the environment, evolved via exaptation. These epigenetic mechanisms later played a key role in the evolution of development, influencing traits like cellular differentiation and memory.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary biology
- Developmental biology
- Epigenetics
Background:
- Evolution and development are intertwined, influenced by genomic, epigenetic, and environmental factors.
- Epigenetic processes are crucial intermediaries connecting the genome to environmental influences.
- Understanding the evolution of epigenetic processes is essential for a comprehensive view of life's history.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the evolution of epigenetic processes using a developmental systems perspective.
- To highlight the role of exaptation in the origin of epigenetics during the RNA world.
- To examine the contribution of epigenetics to the evolution of developmental processes.
Main Methods:
- Conceptual analysis integrating evolutionary, developmental, and epigenetic theories.
- Application of the developmental systems perspective.
- Historical reconstruction of epigenetic functions in evolutionary pathways.
Main Results:
- Epigenetic processes likely evolved through exaptation, initially serving different functions.
- Exapted epigenetic mechanisms were co-opted for novel roles in development.
- Epigenetics facilitated the evolution of complex developmental processes like differentiation, learning, and memory.
Conclusions:
- The developmental systems perspective provides an integrative framework for understanding evolution and epigenetics.
- Exaptation offers a plausible mechanism for the evolutionary emergence of epigenetic regulation.
- Epigenetics has been a significant factor in the evolution of phenotypic diversity and complexity.
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