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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Carboxylic acids, upon heating, undergo a decarboxylation reaction by releasing carbon dioxide gas. Monocarboxylic acids do not undergo decarboxylation easily. However, a silver salt of carboxylic acid reacts with bromine or iodine under high temperature to release carbon dioxide gas and forms halide with one less carbon. This reaction is called the Hunsdiecker reaction.
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Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Bobbi-Jo Lowie1, Michael C Bond2

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 South Paca Street, Sixth Floor, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|September 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers the diagnosis and management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), including the rare euglycemic DKA. It offers practical guidance for emergency physicians on patient care, insulin transition, and successful discharge.

Keywords:
Diabetic ketoacidosisEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosisHyperglycemia

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes requiring prompt recognition and management.
  • Euglycemic DKA presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Effective management in the emergency department is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of current DKA literature.
  • To detail diagnostic criteria and management strategies for DKA and euglycemic DKA.
  • To offer practical insights for emergency physicians.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • Synthesis of diagnostic criteria and management protocols.
  • Inclusion of clinical pearls and pitfalls for emergency physicians.

Main Results:

  • Current literature provides established diagnostic and management guidelines for DKA.
  • Euglycemic DKA requires specific consideration due to its presentation.
  • Recommendations for subcutaneous insulin transition and dosing are outlined.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and timely management are key for DKA patients.
  • Understanding euglycemic DKA and its risk factors improves patient care.
  • Effective disposition planning ensures successful patient discharge and prevents readmission.