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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

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Complement System Proteins in the Human Aqueous Humor and Their Association with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Ayushi Vashishtha1, Sharon W Maina2, Jeremy Altman2

  • 1Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.

Journal of Personalized Medicine
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study identifies key complement proteins in aqueous humor, revealing significant differences in their levels in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients compared to cataract patients, offering potential new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
POAGaqueous humorcomplement proteinsglaucomamass spectrometryproteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • The complement system, a crucial part of innate immunity, plays a role in various ocular diseases.
  • Understanding the complement protein profile in aqueous humor is vital for elucidating the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and quantify complement proteins in human aqueous humor.
  • To investigate the association between aqueous humor complement protein profiles and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
  • To explore racial and sexual disparities in these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Proteomic analysis of aqueous humor samples from human subjects.
  • Quantification of 32 complement proteins, including active proteins, regulators, and receptors.
  • Comparative analysis between POAG patients and cataract controls, stratified by race and sex.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-two complement proteins were highly abundant in aqueous humor.
  • Significant alterations in complement proteins were observed in POAG patients, with F2 upregulated and C8G, C6, CFH downregulated.
  • Distinct complement protein changes were noted in African American, Caucasian, male, and female cohorts with POAG.

Conclusions:

  • The aqueous humor complement protein profile differs significantly in POAG patients.
  • Identified complement proteins and their alterations may serve as potential biomarkers for POAG diagnosis and progression.
  • These findings support the development of targeted therapies modulating the complement system for ocular disorders.