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Swimmers' Effective Actions during the Backstroke Start Technique.

Karla de Jesus1,2, Kelly de Jesus1,2, Luís Mourão1,3

  • 1Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

Backstroke swimmers generate significant force during starts through simulated structural actions, contributing approximately 40% of total propulsion. Understanding these force mechanisms aids in optimizing backstroke start technique and training.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Swimming Performance

Background:

  • Understanding external forces in swimming starts is crucial for optimizing propulsion.
  • Previous analyses focused on general start mechanics, lacking specific insights into backstroke force generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess horizontal and vertical forces during the backstroke start.
  • To differentiate between structural and propulsive force components in backstroke starts.
  • To inform coaches and researchers on effective backstroke start strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated structural forces using two body positions (tucked and extended).
  • Measured external forces from 10 competitive backstroke swimmers during maximal 15m starts.
  • Subtracted simulated structural forces from measured forces to determine propulsive forces.

Main Results:

  • Simulated structural forces accounted for approximately 40% of total start propulsion.
  • Propulsive horizontal force increased, while vertical force decreased in the final 0.05 seconds before take-off.
  • Optimal take-off angle was observed around 20 degrees.

Conclusions:

  • Structural forces play a significant role in backstroke start propulsion.
  • Specific mechanical strategies can enhance backstroke start effectiveness.
  • Findings can improve the transferability of resistance training to swimming performance.