ERP-aligned delta transcranial alternating current stimulation modulates the P3 amplitude

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cognitive Neuroscience
• Brain Stimulation

Background:

• Event-related potentials (ERPs) generation mechanisms are debated, with a prominent model suggesting superposition of phase-reset endogenous oscillations.
• Brain oscillations can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS).

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate if ERPs, specifically the P3 component, can be enhanced by modulating contributing delta/theta oscillations using individualized ERP-aligned tACS.
• To test the hypothesis that synchronizing oscillations via tACS can increase P3 amplitude.

Main Methods:

• 21 healthy participants performed a visual task while receiving individualized ERP-aligned delta tACS or control stimulation.
• tACS was frequency-matched and timed to align with the P3 peak.
• Behavioral parameters, P3 amplitude, and evoked delta power were analyzed.

Main Results:

• ERP-aligned tACS significantly increased both P3 amplitude and evoked delta power compared to control stimulation.
• No significant stimulation-dependent effects were observed on behavioral parameters.
• The findings support the role of phase-reset mechanisms in ERP generation.

Conclusions:

• Individualized ERP-aligned tACS is a viable method to enhance specific ERP components like the P3 by forcing synchronization in the delta/theta frequency band.
• These findings contribute to understanding ERP generation and may open avenues for clinical interventions.