Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

6.8K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
6.8K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.4K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
13.4K
Phase II Reactions: Acetylation Reactions01:24

Phase II Reactions: Acetylation Reactions

255
Acetylation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, introduces an acetyl group to drugs or their metabolites. Acetyltransferase enzymes facilitate this reaction, which resembles α-amino acid conjugation due to the addition of a functional group to the drug molecule.
The substrates for acetylation are typically drugs or their metabolites with an amino, sulfonamide, or hydrazine functional group. Acetylation can occur at several points in the drug molecule, including primary, secondary, and...
255
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.7K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.7K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

8.3K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.3K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

6.9K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence angiography in free parascapular flaps: Distal flap perfusion assessment in a retrospective study of 112 cases.

JPRAS open·2026
Same author

Architecture of an asymmetric short chain/long chain hybrid acyl‑CoA carboxylase from Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

MITF maintains genome stability in nonmelanocyte lineages.

Molecular oncology·2026
Same author

Midazolam versus dexmedetomidine: breakthrough use variations-the DREAMS trial secondary analysis.

BMJ supportive & palliative care·2026
Same author

Differentiation state affects PD-L1 expression in cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review.

Cellular & molecular biology letters·2026
Same author

Loss of MITF activity leads to emergent cell states from the melanocyte stem cell lineage.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

PCSK5 promotes angiogenesis and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

PfApiAT2 is a proline transporter essential for the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum by the mosquito vector.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Transient distortions of the South Atlantic Anomaly radiation environments driven by electric fields.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Structural basis of the regulation by CDK11 kinase of early spliceosome activation and evidence for its proofreading by DHX15 helicase.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Structural and mechanistic insights into primer synthesis initiation by DNA primase.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Changes in heritability and shared environmentality of educational attainment across twentieth-century Norway.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

6.5K

Acetylation reprograms MITF target selectivity and residence time.

Pakavarin Louphrasitthiphol1,2, Alessia Loffreda3, Vivian Pogenberg4,5

  • 1Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK.

Nature Communications
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) acetylation at K206 reduces its DNA binding, switching it from differentiation to proliferation targets. This acetylation mechanism explains how MITF regulates cell fate and why mutations cause Waardenburg syndrome.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Affinity Enrichment of Two Post-Translational Modifications for Quantification and Site Localization
12:11

Simultaneous Affinity Enrichment of Two Post-Translational Modifications for Quantification and Site Localization

Published on: February 27, 2020

6.9K
Author Spotlight: Developing Acetyl-Click Assay for HAT1 Inhibitor Screening
05:44

Author Spotlight: Developing Acetyl-Click Assay for HAT1 Inhibitor Screening

Published on: January 26, 2024

879

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

6.5K
Simultaneous Affinity Enrichment of Two Post-Translational Modifications for Quantification and Site Localization
12:11

Simultaneous Affinity Enrichment of Two Post-Translational Modifications for Quantification and Site Localization

Published on: February 27, 2020

6.9K
Author Spotlight: Developing Acetyl-Click Assay for HAT1 Inhibitor Screening
05:44

Author Spotlight: Developing Acetyl-Click Assay for HAT1 Inhibitor Screening

Published on: January 26, 2024

879

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Transcription factors regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences.
  • Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is crucial for melanocyte development and melanoma, influencing proliferation, differentiation, and invasion.
  • The precise mechanisms by which MITF discriminates between its target genes, particularly those involved in proliferation versus differentiation, remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how MITF distinguishes between differentiation and proliferation-associated DNA binding sites.
  • To elucidate the role of MITF acetylation in regulating its DNA-binding properties and target gene selection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of MITF residence time on DNA.
  • Investigation of p300/CBP-mediated MITF acetylation at K206.
  • Assessment of MITF DNA-binding affinity and motif preference following acetylation.

Main Results:

  • MITF exhibits a significantly longer DNA-binding residence time compared to many transcription factors.
  • Acetylation of MITF at K206 by p300/CBP reduces its residence time and genome-wide DNA-binding affinity.
  • K206 acetylation preferentially shifts MITF binding from differentiation-associated CATGTG motifs to proliferation-associated CACGTG elements.

Conclusions:

  • MITF acetylation at K206 acts as a molecular switch, suppressing differentiation and promoting proliferation.
  • This acetylation-mediated mechanism provides a functional explanation for the association of K206Q MITF mutations with Waardenburg syndrome.
  • Understanding MITF's regulatory mechanisms is critical for melanocyte development and melanoma treatment strategies.