Prostatic proliferative inflammatory atrophy: welcome to the club^†

Single-cell RNA sequencing studies in the human prostate have defined a population of epithelial cells with transcriptional similarities to club cells in the lung. However, the localization of club-like cells in the human prostate, and their relationship to prostate cancer, is poorly understood. In a new article in The Journal of Pathology, RNA in situ hybridization was used to demonstrate that club cell markers are expressed in luminal cells adjacent to inflammation in the peripheral zone of the human prostate, where prostate cancer tends to arise. These club-like cells are commonly found in proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) lesions and express markers consistent with an intermediate epithelial cell-type. Future studies will be needed to understand the functional role of club-like cells in human prostate inflammation, regeneration, and disease. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.