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Virtual Reality for Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Comprehensive Review.

Melpo Pittara1, Maria Matsangidou2, Constantinos S Pattichis3,4,5

  • 1Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Groningen, Netherlands.

JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Virtual reality (VR) offers an effective and engaging approach to pulmonary rehabilitation for various respiratory conditions. This technology provides immersive experiences, improving patient outcomes and well-being.

Keywords:
breathing exercisebreathing exercise gamingpulmonary rehabilitationrespiratory biofeedbackvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Rehabilitation Technology
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Pulmonary rehabilitation is crucial for patients with chronic respiratory diseases like COPD, asthma, and lung cancer, as well as post-COVID-19 recovery.
  • It aims to improve functional capacity, quality of life, and reduce symptoms such as anxiety and pain.
  • Virtual reality (VR) presents novel opportunities for personalized and self-controlled pulmonary rehabilitation through enhanced patient engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review virtual reality (VR) technologies, including non-immersive, semi-immersive, and fully immersive systems, applied in pulmonary rehabilitation.
  • To analyze VR applications such as breathing exercises, biofeedback, virtual environments for exercise, and educational models.
  • To assess the development and release of VR technologies in the field of pulmonary rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of 2319 articles screened from 7 electronic libraries (2010-2023).
  • Thematic analysis was employed to categorize findings into themes: VR training, interaction, virtual environments, effectiveness, feasibility, design, limitations, and future directions.
  • 32 studies were ultimately reviewed, with 29 showing positive and 3 neutral outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Virtual reality (VR) demonstrates effectiveness as a pulmonary rehabilitation solution for patients with lung cancer, COPD, asthma, and anxiety disorders.
  • VR interventions are reliable and feasible, offering immersive and tailored experiences.
  • Outcomes include improved functional capacity, enhanced breathing awareness, and effective relaxation techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual reality (VR) shows significant promise in enhancing pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes and patient experiences.
  • The immersive and interactive nature of VR provides personalized exercises and addresses psychological well-being.
  • Further research is necessary to standardize protocols, identify optimal strategies, and evaluate long-term benefits for chronic lung diseases.