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Tyrosine kinase inhibitors induced thyroid dysfunction: myth or reality?

Anjli Malhotra1, Rajeev Gupta1, Shveta Mahajan2

  • 1Department of Medicine, SGRD Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy : Journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology
|October 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Imatinib treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) showed no significant impact on thyroid function. Most patients remained euthyroid, with minimal instances of hypothyroidism during the study period.

Keywords:
CMLFT3FT4TSHimatinib

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a stem cell disorder characterized by the BCR-ABL fusion gene (Philadelphia chromosome).
  • Thyroid dysfunction is a potential side effect of various cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively evaluate thyroid function in newly diagnosed CML patients undergoing imatinib treatment.
  • To assess the impact of imatinib on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and thyroid status.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 26 BCR-ABL positive CML patients.
  • Thyroid function assessed at baseline and 6 months of imatinib therapy.
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured.

Main Results:

  • TSH levels showed a statistically significant increase from baseline after 6 months of imatinib (3.20 ± 0.978 vs. 3.724 ± 1.726 mIU/L, p < 0.05).
  • 88.4% of patients remained euthyroid.
  • Only 3 patients (2 with subclinical hypothyroidism, 1 with hypothyroidism) developed thyroid issues.

Conclusions:

  • Imatinib therapy did not demonstrate a significant adverse effect on overall thyroid function in CML patients.
  • The majority of patients maintained normal thyroid status during 6 months of imatinib treatment.