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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Electrolysis03:00

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Electrodes: Overview01:17

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 Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
There are two main types of electrodes in electrochemical cells. The first type, known as the working or indicator electrode, has a potential that is sensitive to the analyte's concentration and reacts to changes in...
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Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Developing electrochemical hydrogenation towards industrial application.

Julian T Kleinhaus1, Jonas Wolf1,2, Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi1,2

  • 1Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany. daniel.siegmund@umsicht.fraunhofer.de.

Chemical Society Reviews
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrochemical hydrogenation offers a sustainable alternative to traditional methods. This review covers principles, applications, and challenges in scaling up this green chemistry technology for industrial use.

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Sustainable Synthesis
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Conventional thermocatalytic hydrogenation faces limitations.
  • Electrochemical hydrogenation presents a sustainable and efficient alternative.
  • Growing interest in electrochemistry for chemical synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Provide a comprehensive overview of electrochemical hydrogenation.
  • Highlight challenges and strategies for industrial scale-up.
  • Offer insights for beginners and experienced electrochemists.

Main Methods:

  • Review of basic principles and practical applications.
  • Analysis of recent advances in catalysts and reactor design.
  • Discussion of strategies for overcoming scale-up limitations.

Main Results:

  • Identified mass transfer and reactor design as key scale-up challenges.
  • Highlighted novel catalysts and innovative cell concepts as solutions.
  • Presented a pathway for transitioning from lab-scale to industrial application.

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical hydrogenation has significant potential for industrial implementation.
  • Addressing scale-up challenges is crucial for widespread adoption.
  • This technology can transform sustainable chemical synthesis.