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Related Concept Videos

Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

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When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is...
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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

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Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
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Convective Steady State in Shallow Cloud Fields.

Tom Dror1, Ilan Koren1, Huan Liu1

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.

Physical Review Letters
|October 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shallow cloud fields form regular, persistent patterns due to stable convection. This "island of simplicity" can improve climate models and predict cloud feedback in a warming climate.

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Science
  • Cloud Physics

Background:

  • Shallow cloud fields display diverse patterns like hexagonal cells and cloud streets.
  • These patterns significantly influence cloud radiative effects and global climate.
  • Understanding cloud pattern dynamics is crucial for accurate climate projections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that a substantial portion of shallow cloud fields form organized, persistent mesoscale patterns.
  • To identify the origin of these patterns in the steady state of underlying convection cells.
  • To highlight the potential of this convective steady-state for simplifying climate model parameterizations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of observational data of shallow cloud fields.
  • Identification of mesoscale, regular pattern formation.
  • Investigation of the relationship between cloud patterns and convection cell configurations.

Main Results:

  • A large subset of shallow cloud fields exhibits organized, mesoscale, regular patterns.
  • These patterns are sustained by a steady state in the rigid configuration of convection cells.
  • This steady-state represents a simplified behavior within complex cloud fields.

Conclusions:

  • The convective steady-state in shallow clouds offers a simplified representation for climate modeling.
  • Parameterizing this steady-state can enhance the accuracy of climate models, especially concerning cloud feedback.
  • This finding contributes to a better understanding of cloud behavior in a changing climate.