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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells
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PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Can Long Noncoding RNAs Be Associated?

Carolina Mathias1, Vanessa Nascimento Kozak1, Jessica Maria Magno2

  • 1Post-Graduation Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81530-980, Brazil.

Cancers
|October 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) show promise as biomarkers for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer. This review highlights UCA1 and HCP5 as potential biomarkers for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunotherapy.

Keywords:
HCP5UCA1immune responseimmunotherapytumor microenvironment

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Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are revolutionizing cancer treatment, but effective biomarkers are needed to predict patient response.
  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks specific therapeutic targets, and current biomarkers like PD-L1 status are insufficient for guiding ICI therapy.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cancer and immune regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of lncRNAs in regulating the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and their potential as prognostic biomarkers.
  • To identify novel lncRNA candidates for predicting ICI response in TNBC through bioinformatic analysis.
  • To highlight the potential of lncRNAs as versatile biomarkers for immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review on lncRNAs, PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, and cancer biomarkers.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of lncRNAs involved in PD-1/PD-L1 pathways in various cancer types.
  • Focus on the molecular context of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs play a significant role in regulating the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway.
  • Bioinformatic analysis identified UCA1 and HCP5 as potential lncRNA biomarkers for ICI response in TNBC.
  • These lncRNAs have not been previously associated with the tumoral immune response in breast cancer.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs represent a promising class of molecules for developing novel biomarkers to guide ICI therapy.
  • UCA1 and HCP5 warrant further investigation as potential predictive biomarkers for TNBC patients undergoing immunotherapy.
  • The study underscores the versatility of lncRNAs in cancer immunotherapy and biomarker discovery.