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An Unprecedented CeO2/C Non-Noble Metal Electrocatalyst for Direct Ascorbic Acid Fuel Cells.

Chenxi Qiu1, Qiang Zhou1, Rui Gao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new cerium oxide (CeO2) catalyst on carbon black for direct ascorbic acid fuel cells (DAAFCs). This CeO2/C catalyst significantly boosts fuel cell performance and power density, offering a promising advancement in clean energy technology.

Keywords:
AA oxidation reactioncerium oxidedirect ascorbic acid fuel cellselectrocatalysis

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Direct ascorbic acid fuel cells (DAAFCs) offer advantages in fuel handling and safety.
  • The performance of DAAFCs is critically dependent on the efficiency of the ascorbic acid oxidation reaction (AAOR).
  • Existing AAOR electrocatalysts, often limited to carbon black, exhibit low activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel electrocatalyst for enhanced AAOR in DAAFCs.
  • To investigate the catalytic mechanism and stability of the new electrocatalyst.
  • To evaluate the performance of DAAFCs utilizing the developed electrocatalyst.

Main Methods:

  • Wet chemical precipitation of Ce(OH)3 followed by heat treatment to form CeO2 nanoparticles on carbon black.
  • Electrochemical characterization including cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.
  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for surface analysis.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
  • Fabrication and testing of proton-exchange-membrane-based DAAFCs.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles (3.9 ± 1.1 nm) evenly distributed on carbon black (CeO2/C).
  • CeO2/C exhibited a 1.7-fold increase in peak current density for AAOR compared to carbon black (13.1 mA cm-2 vs. 7.67 mA cm-2).
  • XPS and DFT calculations indicated that surface Ce3+ and specific oxygen sites on CeO2 facilitate AAOR.
  • The CeO2/C catalyst demonstrated superior stability, losing only 17.8% of its current density compared to carbon black.
  • DAAFCs with CeO2/C achieved a record power density of 41.3 mW cm-2 for proton-exchange-membrane systems.

Conclusions:

  • The novel CeO2/C electrocatalyst significantly enhances AAOR activity and stability.
  • The improved performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of CeO2 nanoparticles and the carbon support.
  • This development represents a substantial advancement in DAAFC technology, paving the way for higher-performance fuel cells.