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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • 3D bioprinting faces challenges balancing material printability with biological functionality.
  • Current bioinks often fail to achieve both optimal printability and robust cell viability/function.
  • A critical need exists for advanced bioink formulations that resolve this inherent trade-off.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key trends in the development of granular bioinks for 3D bioprinting.
  • To demonstrate how granular bioinks overcome the printability-functionality dilemma.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding structure-property-function relationships in granular bioinks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on granular bioink development and applications.
  • Analysis of examples showcasing granular bioink performance.
  • Discussion of the intrinsic properties of microgel-based granular bioinks.

Main Results:

  • Granular bioinks, composed of densely packed microgels, exhibit intrinsic porosity.
  • This porosity facilitates cell proliferation, nutrient/oxygen diffusion, and improved immunomodulatory effects.
  • Granular bioinks demonstrate enhanced biological functions compared to conventional bioinks.

Conclusions:

  • Granular bioinks represent a promising advancement in 3D bioprinting technology.
  • They effectively address the long-standing trade-off between printability and biological performance.
  • Further research into their structure-property-function relationships is essential for maximizing their potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.