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Updated: Jul 12, 2025
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Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
Published on: February 20, 2017
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[Metabolische Ursachen von Dyspnoe]
Roger Schneiter1,2, Philipp A Gerber1,2
1Klinik für Endokrinologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich.
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|October 19, 2023
Summary
Diabetic ketoacidosis and thyroid disorders can impair respiratory function, causing Kussmaul breathing or dyspnea. Recognizing these endocrinological and metabolic conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Respiratory Physiology
Context:
- Endocrinological and metabolic disorders significantly impact organismal functions, including respiratory capacity.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis, a metabolic acidosis from insulin deficiency, causes compensatory Kussmaul breathing.
- Increasing use of SGLT2 inhibitors complicates diabetic ketoacidosis diagnosis by masking hyperglycemia.
Purpose:
- To highlight the importance of considering diabetic ketoacidosis and thyroid pathologies in the differential diagnosis of dyspnea.
- To emphasize the diagnostic challenges posed by SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic ketoacidosis.
- To underscore the link between thyroid dysfunction (hypo- and hyperthyroidism) and dyspnea via cardiovascular effects.
Summary:
- Diabetic ketoacidosis presents with Kussmaul breathing due to metabolic acidosis and is a key differential diagnosis, especially with SGLT2 inhibitor use.
- Thyroid disorders, including goiter, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism, can lead to dyspnea through morphological or functional impacts on the cardiovascular system.
- Laboratory diagnosis for these endocrinological and metabolic conditions is generally straightforward when considered.
Impact:
- Enhanced clinical awareness of endocrinological and metabolic disorders as causes of respiratory symptoms.
- Improved diagnostic accuracy for dyspnea and tachypnea by including diabetic ketoacidosis and thyroid disease.
- Facilitates timely and appropriate laboratory investigations for metabolic and endocrine-related respiratory impairments.
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