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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Materials Science
    • Theoretical Electromagnetics and Waveguide Theory

    Background:

    • Optical waveguide theory is fundamental for optical device development.
    • Existing theories address magneto-optical (MO) or magnetoelectric (ME) effects separately.
    • A comprehensive theory integrating both MO and ME effects in waveguides is lacking.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To extend conventional optical waveguide theory by incorporating constitutive relations for both MO and ME effects.
    • To analyze propagation properties in a medium with independently controllable MO and ME effects.
    • To investigate the interplay between MO and ME effects for advanced optical functionalities.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an extended waveguide theory incorporating coupled MO and ME constitutive relations.
    • Analyzed wave propagation in a structured medium combining metamaterials and magnetic materials.
    • Investigated the influence of material arrangement and magnetization direction on propagation characteristics.

    Main Results:

    • Confirmed interaction between MO and ME effects is dependent on metamaterial arrangement and magnetization direction.
    • Demonstrated that this interaction can lead to nonreciprocal polarization control.
    • Observed enhanced nonreciprocal behavior in waveguide propagation compared to plane wave propagation.

    Conclusions:

    • The extended theory provides a framework for designing optical waveguides with tunable MO and ME properties.
    • Independent control over MO and ME effects enables novel nonreciprocal optical phenomena.
    • This research paves the way for advanced optical devices with polarization-selective functionalities.