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Hepatitis C in Poland in 2021.

Karolina Zakrzewska1, Małgorzata M Stępień1, Magdalena Rosińska1

  • 1National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance.

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Summary

Hepatitis C (HCV) detection in Poland increased by 30% in 2021 but remains below pre-pandemic levels. Gaps in diagnosing HCV infections necessitate improved long-term strategies for elimination.

Keywords:
2021COVID-19 pandemicHCVPolandepidemiologyhephepatitis Cinfectious diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic impacted healthcare diagnostics, including Hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing.
  • HCV diagnostics in the EU/EEA in 2021 (4.1/100,000) did not return to pre-pandemic levels (2019: 8.8/100,000).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) situation in Poland in 2021.
  • Compare 2021 HCV data with epidemiological surveillance data from 2015-2020.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized individual epidemiological surveillance data.
  • Analyzed diagnostic rates from bulletins (2015-2021).
  • Incorporated mortality data from Statistics Poland.

Main Results:

  • Observed a 30% increase in new HCV infections in 2021 (3.26/100,000), with over 2,500 cases missing to reach pre-pandemic levels.
  • Demographics showed a near 1:1 female to male ratio and 2.4% of diagnoses in individuals under 25, suggesting potential testing access disparities.
  • Medical procedures accounted for over 75% of diagnoses; primary healthcare's role increased to 38.6% despite limited insurance coverage for testing.
  • An increase in deaths from acute hepatitis C was noted in 2020-2021 compared to 2018-2019.

Conclusions:

  • Identified significant gaps in HCV infection diagnosis within Poland.
  • Emphasized the need for policy development addressing these diagnostic gaps for HCV elimination.
  • Highlighted the lack of long-term, accessible solutions for the target population in Poland.