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The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton

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Contractility-Induced Phase Separation in Active Solids.

Sifan Yin¹, L Mahadevan^1,2,3

¹School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|October 20, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular contractility and active phase separation drive tissue patterning. Our theory integrates these into a model, revealing how activity creates stable patterns and traveling waves in cell-matrix composites.

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Soft Matter Physics
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Multicellular tissue patterning relies on complex interactions.
Cellular contractility and phase separation are key phenomena.
Existing models often lack integration of active cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a general theory for active phase separation in cell-matrix composites.
To investigate the role of cellular contractility in tissue patterning.
To model spatiotemporal pattern formation in biological tissues.

Main Methods:

Incorporating active cellular contractility into the Cahn-Hilliard-Larché model.
Analyzing bifurcations (pitchfork and Hopf) to understand destabilization.
Performing numerical simulations of active viscoelastic solids.

Main Results:

A homogeneous cell-matrix mixture can become unstable due to cellular activity.
Stable phase separation and traveling waves emerge from this destabilization.
Simulations track pattern evolution in various geometries and domains.

Conclusions:

Cellular activity is crucial for pattern formation in soft active biosolids.
Integrating mechanical phase separation and cellular activity is essential for understanding tissue development.
The developed theory aids in analyzing both in vivo and in vitro biological systems.