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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment

Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment

Published on: June 2, 2020

Engineered bacterial extracellular vesicles for central nervous system diseases.

Ning Ji¹, Fuxiao Wang¹, Miaomiao Wang²

¹Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society

|October 22, 2023

Summary

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) show promise for treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases by crossing the blood-brain barrier. These vesicles leverage the gut-brain axis for potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords:

Bacterial extracellular vesicles Central nervous system diseases Gut-brain axis Synthetic biology

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Scalable Isolation and Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Escherichia coli and Other Bacteria

Scalable Isolation and Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Escherichia coli and Other Bacteria

Published on: October 13, 2021

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Microbiology
Biotechnology

Background:

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are increasing with aging populations.
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge for CNS drug delivery.
Gut microbiota (GM) is increasingly recognized for its role in CNS diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) as a therapeutic platform for CNS diseases.
To discuss the potential of the gut-brain axis in treating neurological disorders.
To review the biogenesis, mechanisms, and modifications of BEVs for CNS applications.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on BEV biogenesis and internalization mechanisms.
Discussion of engineering modification strategies for BEVs.
Analysis of current and potential applications of BEVs in CNS disease treatment.

Main Results:

BEVs possess nanostructures suitable for penetrating the BBB.
BEVs offer advantages like low toxicity and high biocompatibility for drug delivery.
BEVs can modulate host signaling pathways via the gut-brain axis.

Conclusions:

BEVs represent a promising nanoplatform for CNS disease therapeutics.
Understanding the BEV-based gut-brain axis offers new therapeutic insights.
Further research into BEVs could overcome challenges in CNS drug delivery.