[Breast tuberculosis. Report of two cases]

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Oncology
• Radiology

Background:

• Mammary tuberculosis (TB) is an exceedingly rare manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
• Diagnosis can be challenging due to its rarity and nonspecific clinical presentation, often mimicking benign or malignant breast conditions.
• This condition requires a high index of suspicion, especially in endemic areas or in patients with risk factors.

Observation:

• Two cases of mammary TB are presented, one with concurrent pleural and lymph node involvement.
• Both patients were HIV-negative and had no prior history of TB.
• The presenting symptom was long-standing breast lesions, highlighting the chronic nature of the disease.

Findings:

• Successful treatment outcomes were achieved in both cases with standard antituberculosis therapy.
• The cases underscore the importance of considering mammary TB in the differential diagnosis of chronic mastitis and breast lesions.
• Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for favorable prognoses.

Implications:

• Mammary TB should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent breast lesions, particularly in women presenting with chronic mastitis.
• A multidisciplinary approach involving infectious disease specialists, surgeons, and radiologists is recommended for optimal patient management.
• Increased awareness and diagnostic vigilance can improve early detection and treatment of this rare condition.