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Rescue of HLH with T and B Lymphocyte Involvement Due to Epstein-Barr Virus by PD-1 Inhibitor/Ruxolitinib and
Miao Zhu1,2, Jun Zhang2, Qingqing Shi2
1The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China.
Abstract:
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a fatal clinical syndrome. The most common cause of secondary HLH is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. EBV-HLH is a common clinical disease with high mortality, easy relapse, and poor prognosis. Therefore, treating EBV-HLH with T and B lymphocyte involvement is challenging, and selecting an appropriate treatment regimen is critical. Moreover, research on how to evaluate the recurrence index after remission is scarce. In this study, we reported a case of EBV-HLH successfully treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor in combination with rituximab. The regimen had a good curative effect, and we successfully detected the trend of early recurrence. Our findings indicated that PD-1 inhibitor in combination with rituximab may help to treat EBV-HLH and maintain EBV-infected T and B whole-line lymphocytes.
