Assessing micro and nanoplastics toxicity using rodent models: Investigating potential mitochondrial implications

Area of Science:

• Environmental Toxicology
• Cellular Biology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Mitochondria are vital for cellular metabolism and signaling, and are sensitive indicators of toxicant exposure.
• Microplastics and nanoplastics are emerging contaminants with recognized one-health implications, yet their impact on human health remains poorly understood.
• Recent acknowledgment of human microplastic exposure by the World Health Organization has spurred research interest.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent (last two years) rodent model investigations on micro- and nanoplastic toxicity.
• To identify potential molecular mechanisms of micro- and nanoplastic toxicity, focusing on mitochondria as a potential target.
• To address the knowledge gap regarding the specific impact of microplastics on mitochondrial function and metabolism.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of scientific literature published within the last two years.
• Focus on studies utilizing rodent models to investigate micro- and nanoplastic exposure.
• Analysis of reported molecular and biochemical alterations potentially linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Main Results:

• No studies directly investigated microplastic effects on mitochondria.
• Several studies reported molecular and biochemical changes potentially indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction.
• Observed effects include oxidative stress and disruptions in cellular metabolism, which can be linked to mitochondrial impairment.

Conclusions:

• Micro- and nanoplastics may exert toxicity by directly or indirectly affecting mitochondria.
• Further investigation into the effects of these particles on mitochondrial function is crucial.
• Understanding these mechanisms is essential for assessing the risks associated with microplastic exposure to human health.