New PMMA-Based Hydroxyapatite/ZnFe₂O₄/ZnO Composite with Antibacterial Performance and Low Toxicity

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

• Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a common bone void filler but has limitations in biocompatibility and radiopacity.
• Microbial infections frequently cause bone reconstruction failures, necessitating improved implant materials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel PMMA-based composite incorporating hydroxyapatite/ZnFe2O4/ZnO nanoparticles.
• To evaluate the composite's antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility for potential use in 3D-printed orthopedic implants.

Main Methods:

• ZnFe2O4/ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using electrical explosion of zinc and iron wires.
• The composite material was prepared by integrating these nanoparticles into a PMMA-hydroxyapatite matrix.
• Antimicrobial activity was tested against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, MRSA, and C. albicans.
• Biocompatibility was assessed using the 3T3 fibroblast cell line.

Main Results:

• The composite demonstrated significant antibacterial activity (>99% reduction) and 100% antifungal activity.
• Excellent biocompatibility was observed, with over 70% cell viability after 1-3 days of incubation with 3T3 fibroblasts.
• The nanoparticle synthesis method is simple, highly productive, and cost-effective.

Conclusions:

• The developed PMMA-based composite exhibits potent antimicrobial properties and good biocompatibility.
• This material shows promise for the fabrication of advanced 3D-printed orthopedic implants with reduced infection risk.