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Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

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The Microwave Temperature and Humidity Profiler: Description and Preliminary Results.

Joan Francesc Munoz-Martin¹, Xavier Bosch-Lluis¹, Omkar Pradhan²

¹Signal Processing and Networks Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91011, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|October 28, 2023

Summary

The Microwave Temperature and Humidity Profiler (MTHP) successfully measured atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles from an aircraft. This hyperspectral instrument shows promise for improving Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) research.

Keywords:

atmosphere calibration mmWave radiometry sounding

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The Measurement of Unsteady Surface Pressure Using a Remote Microphone Probe

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Published on: December 3, 2016

Area of Science:

Atmospheric Science
Remote Sensing
Radiometry

Background:

Accurate atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles are crucial for understanding weather patterns and climate dynamics.
Aircraft-based remote sensing offers a flexible platform for atmospheric measurements.
Existing microwave profilers have limitations in spectral resolution and measurement capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate the Microwave Temperature and Humidity Profiler (MTHP), a novel dual-band spectroradiometer.
To demonstrate the MTHP's capability for measuring multi-incidence angle temperature and humidity profiles from an aircraft.
To assess the instrument's performance and potential for atmospheric research, particularly for the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL).

Main Methods:

The MTHP utilizes dual-band microwave radiometry at 60 GHz (hyperspectral, 2048 channels) and 183 GHz (4 channels).
Instrument design, components, and a three-point calibration scheme were detailed.
Preliminary data were collected during the TI3GER campaign, involving flights over diverse regions.

Main Results:

Successful antenna temperature measurements were achieved at both 60 GHz and 183 GHz.
Hyperspectral measurements showed good agreement (R² > 0.88) with simulated data using the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS).
Potential Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) effects were identified, highlighting instrument sensitivity.

Conclusions:

The MTHP represents the first airborne demonstration of broadband and hyperspectral multi-incidence angle 60 GHz measurements.
The instrument's performance indicates its potential as a valuable tool for atmospheric research.
Future improvements could enhance spatial resolution for more accurate PBL estimation and its role in Earth's cycles.