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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

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Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Equipment Required
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Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

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Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis.

Hassan H Ramadan1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, PO Box 9200, Morgantown, WV, USA. hramadan@hsc.wvu.edu.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|October 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (PCRS) is common and impacts children's quality of life. Diagnosis is improving, and while medical management is key, surgical options like adenoidectomy and endoscopic sinus surgery are evolving.

Keywords:
AdenoidectomyChronic adenoiditisChronic rhinosinusitisEndoscopic sinus surgeryPediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (PCRS) significantly impacts children's quality of life.
  • Accurate diagnosis and management are crucial for effective treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, comorbidities, and management of PCRS.
  • To highlight recent advancements in medical and surgical interventions for PCRS.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of current evidence-based literature on PCRS was conducted.
  • Analysis focused on diagnostic modalities, etiological factors, and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic accuracy for PCRS is improving with tools like nasal endoscopy and CT scanning.
  • Chronic adenoiditis is recognized as a potential independent cause of chronic sinusitis symptoms.
  • Allergic rhinitis and immune deficiencies are key factors in PCRS management.
  • Surgical options, including adenoidectomy and endoscopic sinus surgery, have advanced significantly.

Conclusions:

  • PCRS is a prevalent condition affecting children's quality of life.
  • Medical management, addressing comorbidities, is the primary treatment approach.
  • Accurate diagnosis guides the selection of appropriate surgical interventions when medical management is insufficient.