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Related Concept Videos

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Modern Molecular Taxonomy

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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
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VIBES: A Workflow for Annotating and Visualizing Viral Sequences Integrated into Bacterial Genomes.

Conner J Copeland1, Jack W Roddy2, Amelia K Schmidt1

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.

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Summary

VIBES automates prophage annotation in bacterial genomes, identifying integrated viral DNA. This workflow aids in understanding prophage roles in bacterial fitness and virulence using genomic data.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, often integrating into the host genome as prophages.
  • Prophages can influence bacterial fitness, acting as parasites or mutualists, and impact host virulence.
  • Advances in bacterial genome sequencing enable detailed study of prophage prevalence and insertion sites.

Conclusions:

  • VIBES is an efficient tool for automating prophage annotation and analysis.
  • The workflow's generic design allows for broader applications in sequence similarity searching.
  • VIBES facilitates a deeper understanding of prophage-host interactions and their genomic implications.