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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Mitochondria01:37

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Probing for Mitochondrial Complex Activity in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Probing for Mitochondrial Complex Activity in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

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Mitochondrial regulation in stem cells.

Yifei Wang1, Marine Barthez1, Danica Chen1

  • 1Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Trends in Cell Biology
|November 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria play a key role in stem cell renewal and differentiation. Targeting mitochondrial checkpoints may reverse stem cell aging and treat degenerative diseases.

Keywords:
NADNLRP3SIRT2SIRT3SIRT7aging

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

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Measurement of Mitochondrial Mass and Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and T-cells by Flow Cytometry
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Stem cells are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration throughout life.
  • Their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities are fundamental to their function.
  • Recent research highlights the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in stem cell regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent discoveries on the role of mitochondria in stem cell cycle regulation.
  • To explore the impact of mitochondrial stress and quality control on stem cell function.
  • To discuss the potential of targeting mitochondrial pathways for treating age-related degenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review and reflection on recent scientific discoveries.
  • It synthesizes findings from various studies on stem cells and mitochondria.
  • No new experimental data was generated for this review.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial activation is essential for stem cell proliferation and differentiation, providing energy and signaling molecules.
  • Mitochondrial stress can impair stem cell self-renewal, necessitating quality control mechanisms.
  • Dysregulation of mitochondrial protective programs, involving sirtuins, occurs during aging.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria act as a metabolic checkpoint in the stem cell cycle.
  • Targeting mitochondrial pathways offers a promising strategy to reverse stem cell aging.
  • This approach holds potential for treating various tissue degenerative diseases.