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GNSS visibility and performance implications for the GENESIS mission.
Oliver Montenbruck1, Peter Steigenberger1, Steffen Thoelert2
1German Space Operations Center, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Münchener Str. 20, 82234 Weßling, Germany.
Journal of Geodesy
|November 3, 2023
Summary
The GENESIS mission will enhance the accuracy of Earth reference systems using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tracking. Analysis shows a single-receiver antenna is viable, but precise calibration of satellite transmit antennas is crucial for optimal results.
Area of Science:
- Space geodesy
- Satellite mission design
- Earth observation
Background:
- The GENESIS mission, launching in 2027, integrates four space-geodetic techniques on a single platform in medium Earth orbit.
- It aims to improve the accuracy and homogeneity of terrestrial reference systems through unique observations and tie concepts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the contribution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tracking to the GENESIS mission's objectives.
- To evaluate different receiver antenna configurations for the GENESIS spacecraft.
- To identify needs for GNSS transmit antenna calibration for improved accuracy.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive GNSS coverage analysis using detailed link-budget simulations.
- Assessment of receiver antenna concepts, including single-antenna systems.
- Analysis of GNSS signal reception at large off-boresight angles.
Main Results:
- A single-antenna system (nadir or side-looking) is a viable alternative to dual-antenna configurations.
- GENESIS will receive GNSS signals at significantly larger off-boresight angles than terrestrial users or LEO missions.
- Limited data on transmit antenna patterns at large off-boresight angles hinders accuracy assessment.
Conclusions:
- Manufacturer calibrations for GPS and Galileo transmit antennas are encouraged for all satellite blocks.
- In-flight characterization and calibration of GNSS transmit antennas by the GENESIS mission are necessary.
- Further simulations are needed to assess the impact of calibrations on terrestrial reference frame parameters.
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