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Clinical and Cognitive Features of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Intellectual Giftedness: A
Inès Despature1, Adrián Galiana1
1Faculty of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Psychology of Health. Collado Villalba, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Intellectual giftedness (IQ > 115) is present in about 15% of individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). High IQ may mask ADHD symptoms, potentially delaying diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
- Intellectual giftedness is defined as having an IQ greater than 115.
- The interplay between high IQ and ADHD requires further investigation.
Approach:
- A systematic review of publications from the last 15 years was conducted.
- The review focused on the impact of intellectual giftedness on ADHD clinical and cognitive features.
- Data on prevalence, treatment, comorbidity, symptom severity, and prognosis were analyzed.
Key Points:
- Approximately 15% of individuals with high IQ meet ADHD criteria.
- High IQ does not influence the effectiveness of ADHD pharmacological treatments.
- Comorbidity rates in high IQ-ADHD are comparable to those in average IQ-ADHD.
- High IQ-ADHD often presents with less severe cognitive and behavioral symptoms and a better prognosis compared to average IQ-ADHD.
- The presence of high IQ can mask ADHD symptoms, potentially delaying diagnosis and intervention.
Conclusions:
- High intellectual giftedness is a significant factor in a subset of the ADHD population.
- While high IQ may confer some advantages in ADHD presentation, it also poses diagnostic challenges.
- Early identification and appropriate management are crucial for individuals with high IQ-ADHD to optimize outcomes.
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