Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

314
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
314
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

134
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
134
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

860
Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
860

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Interfacial Nucleation Pathways Governing Polymorph Selection Revealed by Synchrotron-Based <i>In Situ</i> GIWAXS and Molecular Simulations.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Inorganic Ionic Polymerization-Anchored Polymer Networks for Ultrastrong and Ultratough Eutectogels.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Controlled-release herbicide spheres: co-crystallization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with l-menthol via green oiling-out process for low leaching and high activity.

Pest management science·2026
Same author

Chiral Manganese Halide Co-Crystals: A New Avenue for Efficient Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

One-dimensional inorganic ionic polymerization for elastic minerals.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Synergistic Bulk and Surface Modification in Atomic Layer Deposited Tin Oxide for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography
06:53

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

Published on: January 25, 2019

14.4K

Amorphization of different furosemide polymorphic forms during ball milling: Tracking solid-to-solid phase

Mengwei Wang1, Junbo Gong2, Thomas Rades3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|November 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Ball milling transforms pharmaceutical crystal forms. Furosemide forms I and III directly become amorphous, while form II converts to form I before amorphization, with distinct changes in amorphous properties.

Keywords:
Amorphous formAmorphous relaxationBall millingFurosemideGlass transition temperaturePolymorphs

More Related Videos

Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments
13:05

Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments

Published on: January 23, 2018

10.7K
Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory
08:58

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

Published on: March 7, 2018

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography
06:53

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

Published on: January 25, 2019

14.4K
Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments
13:05

Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments

Published on: January 23, 2018

10.7K
Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory
08:58

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

Published on: March 7, 2018

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Ball milling modifies pharmaceutical powder properties beyond particle size reduction.
  • Understanding solid-state transformations is crucial for drug formulation and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the solid-phase transformations of three furosemide crystal forms (I, II, and III) during ball milling.
  • To characterize the changes in physical properties, including amorphous content and glass transition temperature, induced by milling.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of three furosemide crystal forms.
  • Ball milling of furosemide samples for varying durations.
  • Characterization using Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) and Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (mDSC).

Main Results:

  • Forms I and III directly transformed to an amorphous state.
  • Form II exhibited polymorphic transition to form I, followed by amorphization.
  • Amorphous fraction of form III showed an increasing glass transition temperature (Tg) with milling time, indicating amorphous-to-amorphous transformation.
  • Amorphous fractions of forms I and II had higher molecular mobility compared to form III, with unchanged Tg during milling.

Conclusions:

  • Ball milling induces distinct solid-state transformations and property changes in furosemide crystal forms.
  • Form III undergoes an unusual amorphous-to-amorphous transformation during milling.
  • The observed transformations and property changes highlight the complexity of milling-induced solid-state modifications in pharmaceuticals.