Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.2K
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
2.2K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

1.7K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
1.7K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

2.4K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.4K
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

12.1K
Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
12.1K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

753
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
753
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

999
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
999

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reciproc and XP-endo Shaper Outperform WaveOne Gold in Apical Debris Removal: A Micro-CT Study in 3D-Printed Molars.

Current medical science·2026
Same author

Host-Induced Gene Silencing of <i>SmDSR32</i> Enhances Wheat Defense Against <i>Sitobion miscanthi</i>.

Current issues in molecular biology·2026
Same author

Unveiling cryptic diversity of <i>Diaporthe</i> associated with leaf spots of <i>Fagaceae</i> in China using an integrative taxonomic approach.

IMA fungus·2026
Same author

Integrating genetically predicted transcriptomic signatures with longitudinal real-world data enables scalable drug repurposing for Alzheimer's disease.

Research square·2026
Same author

Mpi-driven N-glycosylation orchestrates mucin O-glycosylation and intestinal homeostasis.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Genetic characterization of DDX11 variants identified in a Chinese family with Warsaw breakage syndrome.

Seizure·2026
Same journal

Chemotactic self-organization captures the dynamics of mammalian hair follicle patterning.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Tomographic imaging of superconducting order using particle-hole interference.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inhibitory potential of autologous neutralizing antibodies sets quantitative limits on the rebound-competent HIV-1 reservoir.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inferring epidemiological parameters under an infectious phylogeography model with visitor dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Analytical modeling for suction cup designs for skin-interfaced wearable devices.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Improving cell-free metabolism through direct integration of artificial respiratory chains.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

12.2K

Essential requirement for IER3IP1 in B cell development.

Xue Zhong1, James J Moresco1, Katie Keller1

  • 1Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immediate early response 3 interacting protein 1 (IER3IP1) is crucial for B cell development and function. This study reveals IER3IP1

Keywords:
B cellsENUIER3IP1TMEM167Aunfolded protein response

More Related Videos

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
11:06

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

6.2K
Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production
08:22

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production

Published on: May 31, 2020

5.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2025

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

12.2K
Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
11:06

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

6.2K
Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production
08:22

Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4 on Murine B-1a Cells and Adoptive Transfer for Targeted B-1a Cell Migration to the Bone Marrow and IgM Production

Published on: May 31, 2020

5.1K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Immediate early response 3 interacting protein 1 (IER3IP1) is an endoplasmic reticulum protein implicated in Microcephaly with simplified gyration, Epilepsy and permanent neonatal Diabetes Syndrome (MEDS).
  • No prior immune function had been reported for IER3IP1.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of IER3IP1 in immune function.
  • To identify the genetic cause of aberrant immune function in mice with specific mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Forward genetic screen in mice using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis.
  • Identification of the causative mutation in the Ier3ip1 gene.
  • Analysis of B cell development and function in mice with a hypomorphic Ier3ip1 allele.
  • Investigation of IER3IP1 interaction with Golgi transmembrane protein 167A.
  • Assessment of the unfolded protein response pathway in B cells.

Main Results:

  • Mice with mutations in Ier3ip1 exhibited low percentages of B220+ cells in peripheral blood.
  • A hypomorphic Ier3ip1 allele, identical to a human MEDS variant, revealed a critical role for IER3IP1 in hematopoietic cells.
  • IER3IP1 is essential for B cell development and function.
  • IER3IP1 forms a complex with Golgi transmembrane protein 167A.
  • IER3IP1 limits the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) mediated by inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) in B cells.

Conclusions:

  • IER3IP1 plays an essential hematopoietic-intrinsic role in B cell development and function.
  • B cell deficiency may be a characteristic feature of MEDS.
  • IER3IP1's function in regulating the UPR in B cells is a novel finding.