Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
Published on: March 27, 2018
Low-temperature modification of Ba(BF4)2(H2O)3
Evgeny Goreshnik1, Andrii Vakulka2, Gašper Tavčar1
1Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Abstract:
The crystal structure of the low-temperature modification of Ba(BF4)2(H2O)3, barium bis(tetra-fluorido-borate) trihydrate, was determined at 150 K. In contrast to the room-temperature modification, which crystallizes in the space group C2221 [a = 7.1763 (6), b = 18.052 (2), c = 7.1631 (6) Å, V = 927.93 (15) Å3 at 300 K, Z = 4; Charkin et al. (2023 ▸). J. Struct. Chem. 64, 253-261], the low-temperature phase is monoclinic, space group P21 [a = 7.0550 (4), b = 7.1706 (3), c = 9.4182 (6) Å, β = 109.295 (7), V = 449.68 (5) Å3, Z = 2]. The structure of the low-temperature modification of Ba(BF4)2(H2O)3 features O-H⋯F and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding between water mol-ecules and BF4 - anions. One of the coordinating water mol-ecules in the low-temperature modification is disordered over two sets of sites.
Related Concept Videos
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes
Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation...
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...

