Interaction between smoking status and dietary selenium intake affects PSA: A cross-sectional study

Area of Science:

• Nutrition and Cancer Research
• Epidemiology
• Urology

Background:

• Conflicting evidence exists on selenium's role in prostate cancer prevention.
• Investigating factors influencing the selenium-prostate cancer relationship is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To clarify the association between dietary selenium intake and prostate cancer by examining prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.
• To evaluate the impact of smoking status on the relationship between selenium and PSA.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (2005-2010) from 3,614 participants.
• Dietary selenium intake was the independent variable; PSA was the dependent variable.
• Multivariable logistic regression was used, stratifying by smoking status (current, former, never).

Main Results:

• No significant association was found between overall dietary selenium intake and high PSA levels after covariate adjustment.
• A significant interaction was observed between smoking status and dietary selenium intake concerning PSA levels (P=.007).
• Smokers showed lower odds of high PSA, while nonsmokers showed higher odds.

Conclusions:

• Smoking status significantly modifies the relationship between dietary selenium intake and PSA levels.
• Smokers may have a reduced likelihood of elevated PSA, irrespective of selenium intake.
• Further research is warranted to understand these complex interactions.