Plant leaf mucilage/carrageenan/Eudragit® NE30D blended films: Optimization, characterization, and pharmaceutical...

Mucilage of C. pareira leaves was utilized, being manufactured for use in pharmaceutical products. Carrageenan and Eudragit® NE30D were used to combined. Glycerin was used as a plasticizer at a concentration of 20 % w/w based on the amount of polymer used. Computer software optimized its characteristics, including tensile properties, moisture uptake, and erosion; the optimal formulation was 1.4:1.2:2.8. The percentages of optimization error ranged from 8.48 to 13.80 %. Propranolol HCl was mixed to an optimal formulation. The film layer was tight, homogeneous, and smooth, with no holes. DSC thermogram showed no interaction peaks at 101.33 °C and 170.50 °C. Propranolol HCl concentration in the film ranged from 2.18 to 2.20 mg/cm². Propranolol HCl was quickly released from the film. The kinetic model for the release profile was first-order kinetic. Although propranolol HCl had a high-release profile, its skin permeation was limited. The permeation lag time, J_ss, and K_p were 1.60-2.65 h, 0.0182-0.0338 μg/cm²/h, and 9.10-15.35 cm/h, respectively. A significant amount of propranolol HCl residue was found on the skin's surface. Glycerin appeared to influence propranolol HCl permeability. Therefore, the plant leaf mucilage/carrageenan/Eudragit® NE30D blended film can be utilized in pharmaceutical applications to control drug release from its film layer.