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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
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Helicases required for nucleotide excision repair: structure, function and mechanism.

Feng He1, Marco Bravo2, Li Fan2

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.

The Enzymes
|November 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

DNA repair involves helicases, enzymes that unwind DNA. This review details the structure, function, and mechanisms of four key helicases (UvrB, UvrD, XPB, XPD) crucial for nucleotide excision repair (NER) across different organisms.

Keywords:
DNA repairTranscription-coupled repairUvrBUvrDXPBXPD

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a fundamental DNA repair pathway conserved across life.
  • DNA helicases are essential enzymes that unwind DNA duplexes, facilitating NER by creating repair bubbles and removing damaged DNA.
  • Specific helicases like UvrB and UvrD in prokaryotes, and XPB and XPD in eukaryotes, play distinct roles in NER and related processes.

Conclusions:

  • The four studied helicases (UvrB, UvrD, XPB, XPD) are vital for DNA repair and have conserved functions across diverse organisms.
  • Understanding these helicases provides insights into the evolution and mechanisms of DNA repair pathways.
  • Further research into their structure-function relationships can illuminate NER pathway intricacies.