Predicting ADHD in alcohol dependence using polygenic risk scores for ADHD
Kejal H S Patel1, G Bragi Walters2,3, Hreinn Stefánsson2
1Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
Summary
Polygenic risk scores for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show increased risk in individuals with alcohol dependence (AD). These scores may help identify ADHD risk in those with co-occurring AD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Genetics
Background:
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with substance use disorders, particularly alcohol dependence (AD).
- Identifying individuals with ADHD among those with AD is crucial for effective treatment and management.
- Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in both ADHD and AD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the predictive utility of ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS) for ADHD diagnosis in individuals with alcohol dependence.
- To compare ADHD PRS in healthy controls versus individuals with AD, with and without ADHD.
- To assess the relationship between ADHD PRS and the risk of ADHD in the context of comorbid AD.
Main Methods:
- Generation of ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS) for a cohort of 1223 individuals with AD and 1818 healthy controls.
- Comparison of ADHD PRS distributions between healthy controls, AD cases with ADHD, and AD cases without ADHD.
- Statistical analysis to evaluate differences in PRS means and their association with ADHD diagnosis within the AD group.
Main Results:
- Individuals with AD, both with and without ADHD, exhibited significantly higher mean ADHD PRS compared to healthy controls.
- Within the AD cohort, individuals diagnosed with ADHD had a higher mean ADHD PRS than those without ADHD (OR 1.34, CI 1.10-1.65).
- The findings indicate a positive association between ADHD PRS and the risk of ADHD in individuals with comorbid AD.
Conclusions:
- ADHD polygenic risk scores demonstrate potential utility in identifying individuals at higher or lower risk for ADHD, particularly in the presence of comorbid alcohol dependence.
- Further research with larger cohorts is necessary to validate these findings and establish ADHD PRS as a reliable biomarker for ADHD diagnosis in this population.
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