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Monogenic Etiology of Hypertension

Vaishali Singh1, Scott K Van Why1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Suite 510, 999 North 92nd Street, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|November 11, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Monogenic hypertension, caused by single gene mutations, leads to increased sodium reabsorption and low renin hypertension. Early diagnosis is crucial for children and adolescents with unexplained hypertension to ensure appropriate, specific treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

  • Monogenic hypertension results from single gene mutations affecting renal sodium handling.
  • These rare conditions can cause low renin hypertension, often overlooked in pediatric populations.
  • Accurate diagnosis is vital as treatment differs from common hypertension in adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the rare, monogenic forms of hypertension.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing these conditions in pediatric hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of monogenic hypertension.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Identified key genes and mutations associated with monogenic hypertension.
  • Described the clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges.
  • Outlined specific therapeutic approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Monogenic hypertension is an underdiagnosed cause of hypertension in children and adolescents.
  • Genetic testing and specialized management are essential for affected individuals.

Keywords:
AdolescentAldosteroneApparent mineralocorticoid excessCongenital adrenal hyperplasiaGordon syndromeLiddle syndromeMonogenic hypertensionRenin

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