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Related Concept Videos

Amines: Introduction01:07

Amines: Introduction

4.5K
Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia. They are formed by replacing one or more ammonia protons with alkyl or aryl groups. Depending upon the number of organyl groups bonded to nitrogen, amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary amines have one organyl group attached to the nitrogen atom, while secondary and tertiary amines have two and three organyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, respectively.
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Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

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Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
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Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

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Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which...
17
Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones01:38

Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones

2.9K
Carbonyl compounds and primary amines undergo reductive amination first to produce imines, followed by secondary amines in the same reaction mixture, using selective reducing agents like sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Reductive amination produces different degrees of substitution of amines depending on the starting amine substrate.
2.9K
Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

89.0K
Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible...
89.0K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

3.6K
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
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Extraction of Non-Protein Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Who Cares about Biogenic Amines?

Luigi Esposito1, Dino Mastrocola1, Maria Martuscelli1

  • 1Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.

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Biogenic amines (BAs) are compounds studied since the 1970s. Research continues to explore their roles in various biological processes and potential health implications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Biogenic amines (BAs) have been investigated since the 1970s.
  • BAs are nitrogen-containing compounds derived from amino acids.
  • Their physiological and pathological roles are extensively studied.

Discussion:

  • BAs are involved in neurotransmission and physiological regulation.
  • Imbalances in BAs are linked to neurological and psychiatric disorders.
  • Dietary BAs can affect health, particularly in sensitive individuals.

Key Insights:

  • Decades of research highlight the multifaceted roles of BAs.
  • Understanding BA metabolism and signaling is crucial for therapeutic development.
  • Further investigation into BA-related pathways is warranted.

Outlook:

  • Continued research on BAs will advance our understanding of health and disease.
  • Potential therapeutic targets related to BA pathways may emerge.
  • Exploring novel analytical techniques will enhance BA detection and quantification.