Kerion Celsi in infants and children-A narrative review 2010-2023

Kerion Celsi is an inflammatory, deep fungal infection of the scalp. It is rare in neonates but gets more common in children about 3 years and older. It represents with swelling, boggy lesions, pain, alopecia and purulent secretions. Secondary bacterial infection is not unusual after maceration. Extracutaneous manifestations include regional lymphadenopathy, fever and very rare fungemia. Id-reactions can occur. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion, clinical examination and medical history. Diagnosis should be confirmed by microscopy, fungal culture and molecular procedures. The most common isolated fungal species are anthropophilic Trichophyton (T.) tonsurans and zoophilic Microsporum (M.) canis, while geophilic species and moulds rarely cause Kerion Celsi. Treatment is medical with systemic and topical antifungals supplemented by systemic antibiotics when necessary, while surgery needs to be avoided. Early and sufficient treatment prevents scarring alopecia. The most important differential diagnosis is bacterial skin and soft tissue infections.