Broadband optical vortex beam generation using flat-surface nanostructured gradient index vortex phase masks

We developed a new kind of compact flat-surface nanostructured gradient index vortex phase mask, for the effective generation of optical vortex beams in broadband infrared wavelength range. A low-cost nanotechnological material method was employed for this work. The binary structure component consists of 17,557 nano-sized rods made of two lead-bismuth-gallium silicate glasses which were developed in-house. Those small rods are spatially arranged in such a way that, according to effective medium theory, the refractive index of this internal structure is constant in the radial direction and linearly changes following azimuthal angle. Numerical results demonstrated that a nanostructured vortex phase mask with a thickness of 19 μm can convert Gaussian beams into fundamental optical vortices over 290 nm wavelength bandwidth from 1275 to 1565 nm. This has been confirmed in experiments using three diode laser sources operating at 1310, 1550, and 1565 nm. The generation of vortex beams is verified through their uniform doughnut-like intensity distributions, clear astigmatic transformation patterns, and spiral as well as fork-like interferograms. This new flat-surface component can be directly mounted to an optical fiber tip for simplifying vortex generator systems as well as easier manipulation of the generated OVB in three-dimensional space.