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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
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CARDIORENAL SYNDROME AND COVID-19.

I Rudhani1, N Morina1, L Spahiu1

  • 1Medical Faculty, University of Pristina "Hasan Prishtina", Circle n.n. 10000, Pristina, Clinic of Nephrology and Hemodialysis, UCCK Kosovo Hospital, Kosovo.

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This study found a strong link between cardiorenal syndrome and COVID-19 infection in patients. Age is also a significant factor associated with cardiorenal syndrome development.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cardiorenal syndrome is a complex condition involving heart and kidney dysfunction.
  • Understanding its associations with other diseases, particularly during global health crises, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze cardiorenal syndrome cases and their correlation with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19.
  • To investigate the prevalence of cardiorenal syndrome in patients treated at a tertiary care center.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study conducted from January 2020 to December 2021.
  • Inclusion of 120 patients with acute renal disease at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo.
  • Analysis of categorical variables using Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests.

Main Results:

  • A strong association was observed between cardiorenal syndrome and COVID-19 infection.
  • Age demonstrated a significant link with cardiorenal syndrome, with most affected patients being over 65.
  • Concomitant diseases included diabetes mellitus type 2, pneumonia, sepsis, and hyperkalemia.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiorenal syndrome is strongly linked to COVID-19 infection and advanced age.
  • Further research into pathophysiology and treatment of cardiorenal syndrome is warranted.